Heat exhaustion and stroke

Heat exhaustion may cause heavy sweating, weakness, headache, thirst, nausea and dizziness after heat exposure or exertion. A stroke is caused by disrupted blood flow or bleeding in the brain and may begin suddenly, with facial drooping, weakness or numbness on one side, unclear speech, trouble understanding, vision loss or loss of balance. Heat exposure can occur at the same time as another emergency, so do not assume neurological changes are simply heat exhaustion.

Note when the concerning symptoms began and call emergency services for sudden neurological changes. Keep the person safe and still, loosen tight clothing, and move them away from heat if this can be done safely. Do not give food, drink or medicines if swallowing is uncertain. If heat illness is also suspected and the person is alert, cool the skin with wet cloths and airflow while waiting for help.

Emergency assessment is needed for facial drooping, one-sided weakness, new confusion, severe headache, seizure, collapse, or difficulty speaking or walking. Call immediately even if symptoms improve, because brief symptoms can still signal a serious event. Vomiting, faintness, very hot skin or worsening dizziness also require prompt attention in someone exposed to heat.

Ask how to recognise your personal stroke warning signs, which emergency number to use, and whether blood pressure, diabetes or medicines change your heat precautions. Record the exact start time of any sudden symptom.