Headache when working out: what to know

Hard exercise increases circulation and pressure changes in the head. Sprinting, heavy lifting and exercising in hot, humid conditions can bring on a pulsating headache during or soon after a session. Skipping food, drinking too little, poor sleep, tight neck muscles or holding your breath while lifting may add to it. Congestion from Allergic Rhinitis or Chronic Sinusitis can make exertional head and facial pressure more noticeable. A headache during exercise is a symptom, not a diagnosis; a new pattern should be assessed rather than explained away as fitness or effort.

Stop and cool down when pain begins. Move to shade or an air-conditioned space, drink fluids gradually and avoid restarting until you feel well. Warm up, build intensity gradually, breathe continuously during resistance work and avoid exercising through a worsening headache. Note the exercise, temperature, food and fluids beforehand, onset and recovery. Book a medical review if episodes recur, begin with modest exertion or are unlike your usual headaches. A clinician can review medicines, blood pressure and neurological findings and advise on a safe return to training.

Call emergency services for a sudden explosive headache, collapse, chest pain, severe breathlessness, weakness, numbness, confusion, trouble speaking, vision change, seizure, fever with a stiff neck or ongoing vomiting. Seek prompt advice for a first exercise-triggered headache or pain that persists after rest and cooling. Headache with marked thirst, dizziness or confusion after heat exposure may be linked with Heat Exhaustion and needs prompt attention.

Which forms of exercise are safe while this is being investigated? Could my breathing, blood pressure, hydration or medicines be contributing? What warning symptoms mean I should stop training and seek emergency help?