Headache and cough for two weeks: what to know

A cough can strain the muscles of the head and neck and trigger or worsen head pain. After a cold or other respiratory infection, cough and airway sensitivity may linger while the rest of the illness improves. Post-nasal drainage from allergic rhinitis or sinus inflammation, asthma, smoke, dust, and reflux can also keep a cough going. Headache may instead reflect poor sleep, congestion, dehydration, or frequent coughing.

The character of the cough matters: note whether it is dry or phlegmy, worse at night or with exertion, and associated with wheeze, breathlessness, chest pain, fever, or blood.

Drink fluids, avoid smoke and strong fragrances, and use a humidified environment if it feels comfortable. Rest your voice and sleep with your head slightly raised if drainage or reflux is worse at night. Honey may soothe cough in adults and older children, but never give honey to an infant. Check with a pharmacist before using cough or pain medicines, especially with other medicines or pregnancy.

Seek urgent care for trouble breathing, blue lips, chest pain, coughing blood, confusion, fainting, or a sudden severe headache. Arrange a medical appointment soon because the cough has persisted for two weeks, particularly if it is worsening, disrupting sleep, accompanied by fever or weight change, or you have asthma or another lung condition.

Ask whether your lungs, sinuses, allergies, reflux, or medicines could explain the cough and whether an examination or test is needed. Bring a list of triggers and treatments tried.