What should you know about head dandruff fungus?

A yeast called Malassezia normally lives on skin. In some scalps, oil and skin sensitivity allow it to contribute to inflammation, loose flakes and itching. This pattern may overlap with seborrheic dermatitis, which can also affect the eyebrows, ears or sides of the nose. Dandruff itself does not spread from sharing a pillow, comb or hat.

A true fungal infection of the scalp is different. Scalp ringworm can cause broken hairs, tender patches, swelling or areas of hair loss and needs medical assessment. Flaking alone cannot distinguish these conditions.

Use a medicated shampoo according to its label, work it through the scalp rather than only the hair, and leave it on for the stated contact time. Different formulas target scale, yeast or inflammation. Rinse well and avoid scratching, harsh oils and strongly fragranced products if they worsen irritation.

If flakes remain, a clinician can examine the scalp and consider medicated shampoo therapy or topical antifungal treatment. Do not apply a household antifungal product to the scalp without checking that it is intended for skin use there.

Arrange an assessment if the scalp is painful, oozing, swollen, crusted, or developing bald patches, or if a rash extends beyond the scalp. Seek prompt medical advice for fever, rapidly worsening redness, or marked tenderness. These features can point to infection or another scalp condition rather than straightforward dandruff.

Ask whether the pattern fits dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis or a fungal infection; which active ingredient and schedule suit your scalp; and how long to try it before returning. Mention hair loss, sores, new products and any skin conditions.