What should you know about hair dandruff?

Dandruff develops when scalp skin sheds in noticeable flakes. Oil, irritation, dry skin, and an overgrowth of a naturally occurring yeast can contribute. It is not caused by poor hygiene and is not contagious. Flakes may be white or yellowish and can sit on the scalp or fall onto clothing. Seborrheic dermatitis can produce dandruff together with redness or greasy scale, especially around the hairline, eyebrows, ears, or beard area.

An itchy scalp or scalp flaking can have other explanations, including contact irritation, psoriasis, or an infection. The appearance of the scalp and the pattern of symptoms help a clinician distinguish them.

Wash the scalp regularly with a gentle cleanser and avoid scratching, which can worsen irritation. A medicated shampoo may contain an ingredient aimed at loosening scale, reducing yeast, or calming inflammation. Follow its label directions, work it into the scalp rather than only the hair, and allow the recommended contact time before rinsing. If one approach does not control recurring flakes, a dermatologist can consider medicated shampoo therapy or topical antifungal treatment and check for another scalp condition.

Arrange a dermatology assessment if the scalp is very red, painful, swollen, crusted, or oozing; if scratching causes sores; or if flaking spreads beyond the scalp. Seek prompt advice for patchy hair loss, tender bumps, or symptoms that begin after a new hair product. Persistent symptoms despite careful use of an appropriate shampoo deserve review because psoriasis, folliculitis, or another problem may need different treatment.

Ask which scalp condition best fits your pattern, how often to use a medicated product, whether it should be alternated with a gentle shampoo, and what to do if redness or hair shedding appears.