What should you know about GERD?

GERD develops when the barrier between the stomach and oesophagus allows stomach contents to travel upward. The irritation may cause burning behind the breastbone, a sour taste, regurgitation, throat clearing or a cough. A hiatus hernia can contribute, and body weight may increase pressure around the stomach for some people. Symptoms can also disturb sleep when reflux occurs after lying down.

Reflux symptoms vary: some people mainly notice chest discomfort, while others have throat or breathing-related symptoms without obvious heartburn. Keeping a brief symptom diary can show whether meals, position or late eating are linked.

Try smaller meals, eat slowly and remain upright after eating. Identify foods or drinks that reliably trigger symptoms rather than removing many foods at once. Avoid lying down soon after a meal, and ask a pharmacist or clinician how to use any medicine safely, especially if you take other medicines or are pregnant.

If symptoms recur, arrange a review to check the diagnosis and discuss a longer-term plan. Do not stop prescribed treatment suddenly without advice.

Seek urgent help for severe or persistent chest tightness, trouble breathing, fainting, vomiting blood or black stools. Arrange prompt medical assessment for food sticking, painful swallowing, repeated vomiting, unexplained weight loss or symptoms that keep returning despite sensible measures.

Could my symptoms be reflux or another condition? Which treatment fits the pattern and how long should I try it? Do I need assessment for a hiatus hernia or another cause? Which warning signs should prompt urgent care?