What should you know about GERD and vomiting?

GERD occurs when stomach contents travel upwards into the food pipe. Irritation can produce heartburn, sour fluid, nausea, throat discomfort and sometimes vomiting. Vomiting itself can then further irritate the food pipe, creating a cycle of soreness and reflux symptoms.

Vomiting is not specific to GERD. Gastroenteritis, Food Poisoning, migraine, Gallstones, pancreatitis and medicines can also cause it. In children, Rotavirus Infection is one possible cause. Severe headache with vomiting, stiff neck, light sensitivity or a new rash needs urgent attention because Meningitis can be serious.

Sip fluids frequently rather than drinking a large amount at once. When settled, try small portions of plain food and remain upright after eating. Note the timing of vomiting, its appearance, associated pain, fever, headache, bowel changes and possible triggers. A clinician can review reflux treatment and check for dehydration or another cause; do not add or stop medicines without advice.

Get urgent help if vomit contains blood or looks like coffee grounds, you have severe abdominal or chest pain, a swollen abdomen, faintness, confusion, very little urine, or cannot keep fluids down. Seek immediate care for vomiting with a stiff neck, severe headache, breathing difficulty or a rapidly worsening condition.

Does the pattern fit GERD or another cause? Do I need an examination or tests? Which fluids and foods are suitable while I recover, and how should I take my regular medicines if I vomit?