Gas, bloating and constipation: what to know

Constipation can mean passing stools less often than usual, passing hard stools, or needing to strain. When bowel contents move slowly, gas may build up and cause swelling, cramps or discomfort. Low fluid intake, a sudden change in fibre, reduced activity and some medicines can contribute.

Irritable bowel syndrome can cause constipation with bloating and abdominal pain. Diverticular disease may affect bowel symptoms, while dehydration can make stools harder. Hypothyroidism can slow body processes, including bowel movement. These possibilities require context and sometimes examination; constipation alone does not establish a cause.

Increase fluids gradually if you have not been drinking enough, and add fibre slowly through foods such as vegetables, fruit, oats or whole grains. A sudden large fibre increase can worsen gas. Regular walking and responding to the urge to open your bowels may support a routine.

A pharmacist can advise whether a short-term laxative is suitable. Follow directions and seek advice before using one if you have severe pain, vomiting, significant swelling or a possible bowel blockage. Nutrition counselling may help if food changes are difficult or symptoms keep returning.

Arrange an appointment for new or persistent constipation, repeated episodes, blood in the stool, ongoing fatigue, unexplained weight change or a noticeable change in bowel habits. Seek urgent care for severe or worsening pain, repeated vomiting, a rigid or very swollen abdomen, inability to pass gas or stool, fainting or signs of dehydration.

Bring details about stool frequency and texture, fluid and fibre intake, activity, medicines and any pain or bleeding. Ask whether a medicine, thyroid problem or bowel condition could be contributing and which treatment is appropriate.