What should you know about fusiform bronchiectasis?

The bronchi are tubes that carry air into the lungs. In fusiform bronchiectasis, a section widens gradually and then narrows, rather than forming a pouch. Damaged airway walls may clear mucus less effectively, allowing mucus to collect and making infection easier to develop. People may have a long-lasting cough, cough up phlegm, wheeze or feel short of breath, although symptoms vary with the extent and location of airway damage.

Arrange a clinical review if a scan has mentioned fusiform bronchiectasis or if you have persistent cough and phlegm. Assessment may include breathing tests, a chest X-ray or other imaging, sputum testing and a review of previous infections, asthma, immune problems or inhaled irritants. Treatment commonly focuses on clearing mucus, managing airway inflammation when appropriate and treating infections promptly. Hydration, physical activity suited to your condition and an airway-clearance technique taught by a respiratory professional may help.

Seek urgent help for severe breathlessness, blue lips, confusion, chest pain or coughing up more than a small streak of blood. Contact a clinician promptly for fever, a sudden increase in phlegm, a change in its colour or worsening breathing.

Ask which airways are affected, whether you need a chest CT or breathing tests, how to clear mucus safely, and which changes should trigger an urgent review.