What should you know about freckles melanin?

Melanin helps protect skin cells by absorbing some ultraviolet energy. In freckles, pigment-producing cells create more melanin in selected areas, so those spots look darker than nearby skin. The cells are not necessarily increased in number; their pigment activity is the main reason the colour stands out. Freckles often deepen after sunny periods and may become less obvious in seasons with less ultraviolet exposure. Their shade can range from light tan to brown.

Apply broad-spectrum sunscreen to exposed skin and use shade, protective clothing, and a brimmed hat. These measures can reduce darkening and help prevent additional sun damage, but they may not erase existing freckles. Avoid scrubbing or using strong household acids on pigmented areas. For people seeking a more even appearance, a dermatologist may discuss IPL Photofacial or Picosecond Laser Treatment after examining the marks and considering skin tone, recent tanning, and the risk of temporary colour changes.

Book a skin assessment if one pigmented spot becomes noticeably darker, develops several shades, changes shape or border, grows, or starts bleeding, crusting, itching, or hurting. A new mark that does not resemble your usual freckles should also be checked. Melanin explains colour, but colour alone cannot identify the cause of a mark.

Ask how the spots compare with typical freckles, whether sun exposure is contributing to their darkening, and how to choose sunscreen for your routine. If a cosmetic procedure is being considered, ask about expected temporary redness or darkening, aftercare, and alternatives for your skin tone.