Food anaphylaxis symptoms: what to recognise

Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can progress quickly after exposure to a trigger food. Symptoms may involve the skin, mouth and throat, lungs, stomach, or circulation. Some people have breathing or circulation symptoms without obvious skin changes, so the absence of a rash does not make a severe reaction safe to watch at home.

The reaction can begin with itching, flushing, abdominal cramps, or a feeling that something is wrong and then worsen. Treat the pattern and speed seriously, particularly after a known allergen.

Use prescribed adrenaline immediately according to your action plan and call emergency services. Tell them anaphylaxis is suspected. Lie down with legs raised if possible, unless breathing is easier sitting up; do not stand or walk around. If vomiting, turn onto the side. Use a second prescribed dose only as directed while waiting for help.

Do not rely on an antihistamine alone for breathing or circulation symptoms. Take the food packaging and any medicines with you if this can be done safely.

Emergency care is needed for throat tightness or swelling, hoarse voice, trouble swallowing, wheezing, shortness of breath, faintness, collapse, or rapidly worsening symptoms after food. Call even if symptoms improve after adrenaline, because monitoring and further treatment may be needed.

Ask which food may have triggered the reaction, how to use your adrenaline device, what should be in your written action plan, and whether allergy testing is appropriate. Ask how to reduce accidental exposure at home, school, work, or restaurants.