How to fix a blocked nose

Nasal congestion happens when the lining inside the nose swells or becomes coated with mucus, making airflow harder. A cold often causes temporary blockage with sneezing, throat irritation or a cough. Allergic rhinitis can bring repeated congestion, itching and watery eyes, while sinusitis may add facial pressure, reduced smell or thick discharge.

Notice whether one or both nostrils are affected, how long the problem lasts, and whether it follows dust, pollen, pets, illness or lying down. A blocked nose can also disturb sleep; loud snoring or pauses in breathing need assessment for obstructive sleep apnoea.

Drink fluids according to your usual needs, rest, and use saline drops or a saline rinse to loosen mucus. If you rinse, use sterile or previously boiled and cooled water and clean the device after use. Avoid cigarette smoke, strong scents and other triggers that irritate the nose.

A pharmacist or clinician can advise whether an allergy treatment is suitable. Decongestant sprays should only be used as directed and for a short period, because overuse can make congestion return. Do not start antibiotics simply because mucus is coloured; the cause may still be viral or inflammatory.

Seek urgent help for severe breathing difficulty, swelling of the lips or tongue, confusion, or a sudden blocked nose after an injury. Arrange medical review for high fever, severe facial pain, swelling around an eye, repeated nosebleeds, a one-sided blockage that does not settle, or symptoms that keep returning.

Could this be an allergy, sinus problem or another cause? Which rinse or medicine fits my health conditions? How long should I try it, and what signs mean I need a review?