What should you know about first signs of conjunctivitis?

The first signs of conjunctivitis are often a red, watery, gritty, or sticky eye, with the cause guiding treatment. One or both eyes may be affected. Viral, bacterial, allergic, and irritant causes can look alike at first, so eye pain, vision change, or marked light sensitivity should not be dismissed as simple conjunctivitis.

Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the thin membrane covering the white of the eye and inner eyelids. Discharge that returns after wiping may occur, while itching points more toward allergy and a recent cold can accompany a viral cause. Bacterial infection is only one possibility; antibiotics do not help every cause. Contact lenses can increase the need for prompt clinical advice.

Wash hands before and after touching the eyes, gently clean discharge with clean water, and avoid sharing towels, pillows, eye makeup, or eye drops. Do not rub the eyes. Stop wearing contact lenses until a clinician says it is safe, and discard lenses or cases advised by the eye-care team. A GP consultation can help distinguish common causes and select treatment.

Seek urgent eye assessment for significant pain, reduced or blurred vision, strong light sensitivity, injury, chemical exposure, a very swollen eyelid, or trouble opening the eye. Contact-lens wearers with a red or painful eye should seek same-day advice. Get medical help if symptoms worsen, fail to settle, or affect a newborn.

Ask which cause is most consistent with the pattern of discharge and itching, whether you should stay away from work or school, and when contact lenses can restart. Ask whether antibiotic treatment is appropriate and which changes require an eye specialist.