First aid for convulsion

A convulsion may cause sudden loss of awareness, stiffening, rhythmic jerking, unusual breathing or loss of bladder control. The person may be confused, sleepy or have a headache afterwards. Do not restrain their movements or try to move them unless they are in immediate danger.

Clear nearby furniture, hot drinks and sharp objects. Cushion the head with something soft, loosen tight clothing around the neck and remove glasses. Note when the movements begin. When the jerking stops, turn the person onto their side, keep the airway visible and stay with them until they are fully alert. Do not give food, drink or tablets until they can swallow normally.

Call emergency services if the convulsion lasts longer than usual for that person, continues without recovery, repeats, causes a serious injury, happens in water, or the person has trouble breathing afterwards. Seek urgent help for a first episode, pregnancy, diabetes, suspected poisoning, or possible meningitis such as fever with a severe headache, stiff neck or marked drowsiness. Low blood sugar and alcohol withdrawal can also require rapid medical assessment; see information on Hypoglycaemia and Alcohol Use Disorder.

Ask what may have triggered the episode, whether tests are needed, how to use any prescribed rescue medicine, and what activity or driving precautions apply. Record what happened before, during and after the event to discuss at the appointment.