What should you know about first aid for acid reflux?

Acid reflux happens when stomach contents move upwards into the oesophagus. It can cause burning behind the breastbone, a sour taste, regurgitation, throat irritation, cough, or difficulty sleeping when symptoms occur at night. A hiatus hernia, some medicines, large meals, or lying down soon after eating can contribute. Repeated symptoms may be gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and deserve a planned review rather than repeated self-treatment.

Stay upright and take small sips of water if swallowing is comfortable. Avoid bending or lying flat immediately after food. At later meals, smaller portions and identifying personal triggers may help; common triggers include fatty food, alcohol, coffee, chocolate, and spicy food, but patterns vary. A pharmacist can explain antacids or other suitable options and check for interactions. Do not exceed the product directions, and arrange medical advice if symptoms keep returning.

Get emergency help for chest tightness or pain with breathlessness, sweating, faintness, nausea, or pain spreading to the arm, back, neck, or jaw. Seek prompt medical review for trouble swallowing, vomiting blood, black stools, persistent vomiting, unexplained weight loss, or abdominal pain that is severe or worsening. A cough or sleep disturbance that continues also warrants assessment.

Ask whether the pattern fits reflux, whether another medicine could be contributing, how long treatment should continue, and which warning symptoms require urgent review.