Fever, headache and body aches: what to know

Influenza commonly causes a sudden combination of fever, headache and widespread muscle aches. COVID-19 can produce a similar pattern, while dengue fever and malaria are important considerations after travel to areas where those infections occur. Brucellosis may be relevant after contact with infected animals or unpasteurised dairy products. Fibromyalgia can cause ongoing body pain and fatigue, but it does not account for every new fever. Hypothyroidism may contribute to tiredness or muscle discomfort, yet a raised temperature suggests another process. Long COVID describes symptoms that continue after an earlier COVID-19 illness and should be discussed if aches persist.

Rest and take frequent drinks; small sips may be easier if you feel nauseated. Note your temperature, the start of symptoms, any cough or stomach symptoms, recent travel, insect exposure and contact with illness. Keep activity light and avoid alcohol while unwell. A pharmacist can help you choose a suitable fever or pain medicine, particularly if you have a long-term condition, take regular medicines, are pregnant, or are treating a child. Do not take antibiotics unless prescribed for a diagnosed bacterial infection.

Arrange urgent help for difficulty breathing, chest pain, blue or grey lips, new confusion, collapse, severe dehydration, a severe headache with stiff neck, or worsening weakness. Seek prompt advice after travel if fever is accompanied by chills, sweating, vomiting or marked illness. Contact a clinician if symptoms are not settling or body aches continue after the fever has gone.

Ask whether your travel, work, food or animal exposures change the recommended tests. Discuss whether influenza or COVID-19 testing is useful and which medicines are safe with your medical history. Ask what symptom changes should trigger same-day review.