What should you know about feline iris melanoma?

Feline iris melanoma is a potentially serious eye tumour that may appear as a changing dark area on the iris. A pigment change is not enough to confirm cancer, but a veterinary ophthalmic examination should not be delayed.

Owners may notice a new spot, spreading pigmentation, an uneven iris, a changed pupil shape, redness, squinting or reduced vision. Some cats show little discomfort even when the eye is changing. The veterinarian may examine the eye closely, measure pressure, assess the inside of the eye and compare photographs over time. The condition is distinct from skin Melanoma, although both involve pigment-producing cells. Findings determine whether careful monitoring, local treatment or removal is safer.

Arrange an appointment with a veterinarian, and request referral to a veterinary eye specialist when available. Do not use leftover eye drops, especially steroid products, unless prescribed for this cat. Bring dated photographs and note changes in pupil shape, vision, rubbing or light sensitivity. Depending on the examination, options may include observation with scheduled checks, Surgical Excision or other eye surgery. If spread is a concern, the team may discuss imaging and staging; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy is a treatment-page topic that may be considered only in selected cancer assessments.

Seek same-day veterinary attention for sudden vision loss, a painful or cloudy eye, marked redness, repeated rubbing, a distorted pupil, bleeding or rapid enlargement of a pigmented area. Emergency assessment is also appropriate if the cat is vomiting, very quiet or unable to navigate normally. Prompt review helps protect comfort and clarifies whether the eye is at risk.

Is the pigment stable or changing? Is the eye pressure normal? What tests can distinguish benign pigmentation from melanoma? Should we monitor, operate or seek specialist review? What vision and comfort changes should trigger an urgent call?