Fatigue and breathlessness: what to know

Breathlessness may occur during activity, at rest, when lying down, or with wheezing and cough. Asthma, acute bronchitis, COPD, and bronchiectasis can affect airflow. Anaemia can reduce the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity. Angina and atrial fibrillation can cause exertional symptoms or an uncomfortable awareness of the heartbeat. A sudden reaction with swelling or breathing difficulty may be anaphylaxis. The pattern, speed of onset, chest symptoms, and medical history help guide assessment.

Stop and rest when symptoms begin, avoid smoke and other known triggers, and record whether activity, position, infection symptoms, or palpitations bring them on. Take prescribed inhalers or other medicines only as directed. Arrange medical assessment for new, recurring, or worsening symptoms; a clinician may check breathing, heart rhythm, oxygen level, and blood tests before deciding on further evaluation.

Call emergency services for severe or rapidly worsening breathlessness, blue or grey lips, inability to speak normally, fainting, confusion, severe chest pressure, or sudden swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat. Seek prompt care for breathlessness at rest, coughing blood, a new irregular heartbeat with weakness, or symptoms after a significant infection.

Does the timing suggest an airway, heart, blood, or infection-related problem? Should I review inhaler technique or medicines? Which symptoms mean I should seek emergency help rather than wait for an appointment?