Fasciotomy of the lower leg

The lower leg has several compartments containing muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. Each is wrapped in fascia, a strong layer that does not stretch easily. Bleeding or swelling after a fracture, crush injury, or major impact can raise pressure inside a compartment. Without timely treatment, the pressure can impair nerve signals, muscle function, and circulation.

A lower-leg fasciotomy releases the fascia over the affected spaces. The surgeon may need to open multiple compartments because pressure can involve more than one area. The skin may be left open temporarily while swelling settles, with closure arranged later.

If the team suspects dangerous pressure, remain in hospital for assessment and follow instructions about food, drink, splints, and limb position. Bring a list of medicines and allergies. After surgery, checks focus on toe movement, sensation, skin temperature, pulses, swelling, and wound condition.

Keep dressings dry and follow weight-bearing instructions. Physiotherapy may begin with gentle movement, then progress to walking, strength, balance, and scar management. The timetable depends on the pressure injury, any fracture, and how the wound is closed. Learn more about [Fasciotomy](/treatments/trauma-and-fracture-care/fasciotomy/).

For a new lower-leg injury, seek emergency assessment if pain is rapidly worsening, the leg feels tense, or there is tingling, numbness, weakness, or trouble moving the toes. A cold, pale, or blue-looking foot needs immediate attention. After surgery, urgent review is needed for heavy bleeding, wound opening, rapidly increasing swelling, or severe new pain.

Which lower-leg compartments are involved? How will you check that the nerves and circulation are recovering? When can the wound be closed? What limits apply to walking, driving, work, bathing, and physiotherapy?