What should you know about facial treatment for blackheads?

Blackheads are open comedones: pores containing oil and shed skin cells that look dark after exposure to air. The colour is not dirt, so vigorous scrubbing rarely solves the problem and may irritate the face. Blackheads can occur as part of acne or comedonal acne, especially on the nose, forehead and chin. A clinician can check whether there are also inflamed spots, scarring or another cause of rough texture.

Use a mild cleanser, a non-comedogenic moisturiser and daily broad-spectrum sunscreen. A topical retinoid may help keep pore contents moving, but it should be introduced gradually according to medical advice because dryness and irritation can occur. Professional extraction can remove selected blockages with controlled pressure and clean technique; squeezing at home can injure the pore and leave marks. If blackheads are widespread or persistent, a dermatologist may discuss a broader acne plan, including prescription treatment when appropriate.

Arrange a dermatology assessment if blackheads are accompanied by painful nodules, pus, spreading redness, scars or repeated dark marks. Seek prompt care for a rapidly changing or bleeding facial growth that does not behave like a usual blackhead. Assessment is also useful when over-the-counter products cause burning, swelling or a persistent rash.

Ask whether the spots are blackheads or another lesion, which ingredients suit your skin, whether extraction is appropriate, and how to reduce irritation while starting treatment.