What should you know about early congestive heart failure?

Heart failure does not mean the heart has stopped. It describes a problem with pumping, filling or both. A common presentation is reduced stamina, breathlessness with activity, a cough, tiredness or swollen ankles as fluid shifts into tissues. Symptoms can build gradually and may be mistaken for ageing or poor fitness. They do not identify the cause on their own.

Hypertension and atrial fibrillation can place extra strain on the heart, while other heart and lung conditions can produce similar symptoms. Assessment may include an examination, blood tests, an ECG and heart imaging.

Arrange a clinical review for new or progressive breathlessness, reduced exercise tolerance, ankle swelling, persistent cough or palpitations. Record when symptoms occur, whether lying flat makes breathing harder, and any change in weight or swelling. Take medicines as prescribed and do not stop them suddenly.

A Chronic Disease Review can help coordinate blood pressure, rhythm, medicines, activity and fluid advice. Ask before using anti-inflammatory painkillers or supplements because some can worsen fluid retention or interact with treatment.

Call emergency services for severe breathlessness at rest, blue or grey lips, fainting, new confusion, crushing chest pain or coughing pink frothy mucus. Seek prompt medical advice for rapidly worsening swelling, sudden weight change, a racing or irregular heartbeat with weakness, or breathlessness that is newly worse when lying down.

What could be causing my symptoms? Which heart tests are appropriate? How should I monitor swelling, breathing or weight? Which medicines and painkillers should I avoid? What change means I should call urgently?