What should you know about dull skin and hyperpigmentation?

Hyperpigmentation means some areas produce or retain more melanin, creating darker patches than the surrounding skin. Sun exposure can deepen existing pigment, while acne, dermatitis, burns, or irritating products can leave post-inflammatory darkening. Hormonal influences and medicines can also be relevant. Dullness may come from dryness or a rough surface that scatters light, so improving hydration may change the finish without removing the pigment. A new, rapidly changing, bleeding, or irregular dark mark needs examination rather than cosmetic treatment.

Use broad-spectrum sunscreen consistently, cover exposed skin when practical, and avoid picking or rubbing inflamed areas. Choose a gentle cleanser and moisturiser, and introduce brightening products one at a time. A dermatologist may consider topical treatment, a chemical peel, skin brightening treatment, IPL photofacial, or picosecond laser treatment depending on the pigment pattern, skin tone, cause, and risk of post-treatment darkening. Topical hydroquinone treatment may be appropriate for selected cases under medical supervision; it should not be used casually or indefinitely.

Arrange an assessment if pigmentation is widespread, repeatedly returns, follows a rash, or does not improve after the trigger is removed. Seek prompt review for a solitary patch that changes quickly, has an uneven border, bleeds, crusts, or does not heal. Stop a product and seek care if it causes marked burning, swelling, blistering, or a spreading rash.

What is causing my pigment: sun, inflammation, hormones, or another process? Which sunscreen and topical ingredients suit my skin tone? Would a peel, IPL, picosecond laser, or hydroquinone be suitable? How will you reduce the chance of irritation or darker marks after treatment?