What causes dry, cracked heels?

The heel carries body weight and expands outward under pressure. When its outer layer becomes dry or thick, it may split along the edge. Long periods of standing, hard floors, friction, sandals, and hot water can add strain. [Dry Skin](/symptoms/dry-skin/) is a common contributor. Scaling or itching between the toes or along the sole can point toward [Athlete's Foot](/conditions/athletes-foot/), while isolated heel fissures may have a different cause.

Wash gently, dry the feet carefully, and apply a thick emollient to the heels every day, especially after bathing. Closed, well-fitting shoes and cushioned socks can reduce friction and pressure. Avoid cutting thick skin with blades or aggressively filing an open split. A pharmacist or dermatologist can advise whether [Emollient Therapy](/treatments/medical-dermatology/emollient-therapy/) or treatment for a fungal rash is appropriate.

Arrange an assessment for deep, bleeding, recurrent or painful fissures, or when moisturising does not help. Seek prompt care for warmth, swelling, pus, spreading redness, fever, or difficulty walking. People with diabetes, reduced sensation, or poor circulation should have foot cracks assessed early because unnoticed skin damage can worsen.

Is the cause mainly pressure and dryness, or could fungus or another skin condition be involved? Which heel moisturiser is suitable? How should I protect a deep fissure?