How to interpret a DEXA scan

A DEXA scan estimates mineral density in selected bones, commonly the hip and lower spine. The report may compare your result with a healthy young-adult reference and with people of a similar age. These comparisons are expressed as scores, but a score is not a diagnosis on its own. The clinician also considers whether you have had a low-impact fracture, whether bone loss may be linked to another condition, and whether the scan was technically reliable. Different sites can produce different results, so comparisons are most useful when the same regions and a consistent method are used.

A result can be described as within the expected range, below the expected range, or consistent with osteoporosis. Some reports mention osteopenia, which means lower bone density without meeting the report's osteoporosis category. The wording should be read alongside your overall fracture risk.

Keep the full report and ask which bones were measured, which score was used, and whether the result changed from an earlier scan. Discuss calcium and vitamin D intake, muscle-strengthening activity, balance work, smoking, alcohol, and medicines that may affect bone. Do not start supplements or stop prescribed treatment based only on a scan label. If you have premature ovarian insufficiency, mention it because hormone changes can be relevant to bone health.

Arrange clinical follow-up if the report shows low bone density, if you have a new fracture after a minor fall, or if you are taking medicine that can weaken bone. Seek urgent care after a serious injury, sudden severe back or hip pain, inability to bear weight, or new weakness or numbness. A scan result itself is not an emergency, but a fracture symptom needs timely assessment.

Ask: Which score applies to me? Was the scan quality adequate? What does this mean for fracture risk? Should another cause of bone loss be checked? When should I repeat imaging? Which exercise, nutrition, or treatment plan fits my health history?