Dehydration in children

Babies and young children can lose fluid quickly. A dry mouth, fewer wet nappies or trips to the toilet, no tears when crying, unusual sleepiness, irritability, sunken-looking eyes, or cool hands and feet may be concerning. Children with gastroenteritis commonly lose fluid through vomiting or diarrhoea, while fever and hot conditions can add to the loss.

The number of wet nappies or urination pattern matters, but it should be considered with the child’s behaviour and drinking. A child who is alert and able to swallow is managed differently from one who is drowsy or repeatedly vomiting.

Offer small, frequent sips. An oral rehydration solution may replace water and salts lost during vomiting or diarrhoea; ask a pharmacist or clinician which product and amount suit the child. Continue breastfeeding if applicable. Do not force a large drink at once, and do not rely on very sugary drinks for rehydration. Record wet nappies or toilet trips and whether fluids stay down.

Seek urgent care for a child who is difficult to wake, confused, floppy, unable to drink, repeatedly vomiting, breathing unusually, or passing very little urine. Babies, children with ongoing diarrhoea, and those with a long-term illness should be assessed promptly when drinking falls or dehydration is suspected.

Ask which rehydration solution to use, how often to offer it, when to restart normal foods, and what urine or behaviour change should prompt reassessment. Mention medicines and any kidney or heart condition before changing fluids.