Dehydration in older adults: what to know

An older person may not feel thirsty even when intake is low. Mobility problems, swallowing difficulty, memory problems, fever, vomiting, diarrhoea, or concern about reaching the toilet can reduce drinking. Water tablets and other medicines may alter fluid balance. Signs include dry mouth, tiredness, dizziness, dark urine, constipation, reduced urination, or a change from usual alertness.

New confusion or behaviour change deserves attention rather than being dismissed as normal ageing. Dehydration may accompany gastroenteritis or heat exhaustion, so the trigger also needs consideration.

Offer small drinks regularly through the day and with meals. Keep preferred drinks within reach and include fluids in foods such as soup or yoghurt when suitable. Offer extra drinks during hot weather or illness while following swallowing advice and the care plan.

Do not set a large fluid target without clinical advice if heart, kidney, or liver disease is present. Ask whether medicines need review during vomiting, diarrhoea, fever, or poor intake. A simple record of drinks, urination, and symptoms can show change.

Arrange prompt assessment for new confusion, marked sleepiness, faintness, very little urine, inability to drink, repeated vomiting, or worsening weakness. Call emergency services if the person collapses, has a seizure, is difficult to wake, or has severe breathing difficulty.

Ask which drinks and daily pattern are suitable, how to respond during hot weather or stomach illness, and which changes in urine, alertness, or medicines should trigger a call.