What is dandruff?

Dandruff consists of shed skin cells that become noticeable on the scalp or hair. Flakes may be white, grey, or yellowish, and the scalp may feel itchy without being severely inflamed. Dandruff is not caused by poor personal hygiene, although oil and product buildup can make it more visible.

Seborrheic dermatitis is a related inflammatory condition that can cause greasy scale and redness on the scalp, face, ears, or beard. Eczema, psoriasis, contact irritation, and infection can look similar, so thick plaques, sores, or hair loss deserve a closer examination.

Wash regularly with a gentle cleanser, massage with fingertips, and rinse well. Avoid scratching, harsh scrubs, very hot water, and products that sting. If flaking continues, a pharmacist or clinician can help choose a medicated shampoo therapy and explain how to use it.

Notice where the scale appears, whether it is oily or dry, and whether itch, redness, or tenderness accompanies it. This pattern helps a clinician distinguish straightforward dandruff from another scalp condition.

Arrange an appointment if dandruff persists, interferes with sleep, or keeps returning after appropriate cleansing. Seek prompt assessment for painful inflammation, bleeding from scratching, pus, thick plaques, facial spread, or patchy hair loss. A change in pattern is a reason to reassess the diagnosis.

Ask what features support dandruff, whether seborrheic dermatitis or another condition should be considered, and how long to try the recommended treatment. Share your product list and any scalp or skin conditions you already have.