What should you know about cysts and blackheads?

A blackhead, also called an open comedone, forms when oil and shed skin cells block a pore that remains open at the surface. Its dark colour comes from exposure to air, not dirt. Comedonal acne commonly includes blackheads and whiteheads, without the deeper inflammation typical of a cyst.

A cyst feels like a rounded lump under the skin and may have a small opening. It can stay quiet, become tender, or swell when inflamed. A cyst is not the same thing as a blackhead, even if both occur where pores or hair follicles are present.

Cleanse gently and avoid squeezing either type of bump. Picking can irritate the surrounding skin, push material deeper, and leave a mark. For recurring blackheads, a clinician may discuss a topical retinoid and a routine that suits your skin. A professional acne extraction facial may help remove selected surface blockages, but it does not treat every kind of cyst.

Do not puncture a cyst at home. A clinician can examine the lump and discuss observation, an injection for selected inflammation, or removal when it repeatedly returns or causes trouble. Isotretinoin is a prescription treatment for particular patterns of severe acne, not a general treatment for every bump.

Arrange a dermatology assessment if a lump is painful, rapidly enlarging, repeatedly inflamed, draining, or leaving scars. Seek prompt medical help for spreading redness, marked warmth, fever, or feeling unwell. A blackhead that changes character or sits within a persistent unusual lump also deserves an examination.

Could this be a blackhead, cyst, or another type of lump? Which cleanser or topical retinoid is appropriate for my skin? Would extraction help, and what signs would mean the cyst needs a procedure?