What should you know about cutaneous hyperpigmentation?

Extra melanin can make patches, spots, or larger areas look brown, grey, or darker than your usual tone. It may follow acne, eczema, an injury, or irritation from a product. Melasma and medication-related pigmentation are other possibilities. The pattern, timing, texture, symptoms, and body site help a clinician decide whether the change is harmless or needs investigation.

Use broad sun protection and avoid picking, scrubbing, or repeatedly irritating the area. Photograph the patch in consistent light so changes are easier to notice. A dermatologist may discuss Hydroquinone Treatment, Chemical Peel, Skin Brightening Treatment, IPL Photofacial, or Picosecond Laser Treatment. The choice depends on the cause and skin type; irritation from treatment can make pigmentation darker.

Arrange an examination for a new, rapidly changing, one-sided, bleeding, crusted, painful, or very irregular dark patch. Also seek advice if pigmentation follows a new medicine, affects the eyes or mouth, or persists despite removing an irritant. Urgent care is appropriate for sudden widespread colour change with facial swelling or breathing difficulty.

What is the likely cause and could any medicine or product be contributing? Which treatment is suitable for my skin tone? How can irritation and recurrence be reduced? Does this patch need a closer examination?