What should you know about a COVID cough with phlegm?

Phlegm is mucus brought up from the lower airways. Viral irritation can increase mucus and make it thicker, while post-nasal drainage can add mucus from the nose and throat. Colour alone cannot distinguish a viral illness from a bacterial one. Acute Bronchitis, Common Cold, Asthma, and Allergic Rhinitis can also cause a productive cough. Recurrent daily phlegm, especially with breathlessness or frequent chest infections, needs assessment for an underlying airway condition such as Bronchiectasis.

Drink fluids regularly to help keep secretions easier to move, rest, and avoid smoking, vaping, dust, and strong fumes. Sit upright when coughing and use gentle, controlled coughs rather than repeatedly forcing your throat. Dispose of tissues, wash your hands, and follow current advice about reducing spread. A pharmacist can check whether an expectorant or another product is suitable with your medicines and health conditions. Do not start antibiotics solely because phlegm is yellow or green. Acid Reflux can also worsen cough in some people.

Get emergency help for severe breathing difficulty, blue or grey lips, confusion, collapse, severe chest pain, or coughing blood. Arrange prompt assessment for worsening breathlessness, fast breathing, inability to keep fluids down, marked drowsiness, or phlegm mixed with blood. Contact a clinician if symptoms are not improving, the cough repeatedly returns, or you have asthma or another lung condition. Wheezing and night symptoms may need review for Asthma.

Ask whether your chest needs examination, whether testing is needed, and what changes would suggest a complication. Discuss the colour and amount of phlegm, breathing symptoms, smoking or vaping, asthma history, and medicines. Ask which product, if any, is safe for you and when persistent mucus should be reassessed.