Cough treatment

Cough treatment works best when it addresses the cause while easing irritation and protecting breathing. A short-lived cough may follow a common cold or acute bronchitis and improve with supportive care. Cough linked to asthma, allergic rhinitis, acid reflux, bronchiectasis or chronic cough needs a more targeted assessment.

A clinician will consider how long the cough has lasted, whether it is dry or productive, and whether there is fever, wheeze, breathlessness, reflux or nasal drainage. Asthma treatment may involve inhaled medicines. Acid reflux may need changes to meal timing and prescribed treatment. Bronchiectasis can require a plan for clearing mucus and managing infections. Bronchiolitis in a young child is assessed according to breathing, hydration and alertness. Antibiotics are not useful for every cough, especially when a virus is responsible.

Drink enough fluid to avoid dehydration, rest, and avoid tobacco smoke and other airway irritants. Warm drinks may soothe an irritated throat. Follow label directions for any over-the-counter product and check with a pharmacist if you are pregnant, treating a child, or taking regular medicines. Do not combine products with the same active ingredient. Keep a note of triggers, phlegm, fever and sleep disruption so your clinician can choose treatment more accurately.

Seek emergency help for severe breathing difficulty, blue lips, confusion, fainting, coughing blood or strong chest pressure. Arrange prompt medical review for a cough that is worsening, keeps returning, disrupts sleep, comes with persistent fever, or occurs with weight loss, night sweats or breathlessness. Babies and people with significant lung or heart conditions may need earlier advice when a cough changes.

What is the most likely cause of my cough based on its pattern? Do I need an inhaler, chest examination or further testing? Which medicines should I avoid together? How long should I wait for improvement before arranging another review?