Cough and COVID-19: what to know

COVID-19 may cause a dry or mucus-producing cough alongside sore throat, fever, tiredness, headache, muscle aches, a blocked nose or changes in smell or taste. Some people have mild symptoms, while others become seriously unwell. A cough is also common with a cold or acute bronchitis, and asthma, allergic rhinitis, acid reflux and chronic cough can produce similar symptoms. Bronchiolitis and bronchiectasis are more specific considerations in particular age groups or clinical settings. The presence of a cough does not show that COVID-19 is the cause; recent contact, local guidance, other symptoms and testing may help clarify the picture.

Follow current local advice about testing, staying home and avoiding close contact when you have respiratory symptoms. Rest, drink fluids and ventilate shared spaces. Wear a well-fitting mask around people at higher risk when advised or when close contact cannot be avoided. Use only medicines suitable for you, checking with a pharmacist if you are pregnant, treating a child, or taking regular medicines. Keep a note of breathing, temperature, hydration and the direction of symptoms so a clinician can judge whether the illness is improving.

Seek emergency help for severe breathing difficulty, persistent chest pressure, new confusion, fainting, blue or grey lips, or inability to stay awake. Contact a clinician promptly if breathing becomes harder, you cannot keep fluids down, you are becoming unusually weak, or a cough is worsening after initial improvement. People with significant long-term heart, lung or immune conditions may need earlier advice when a respiratory infection is suspected.

Ask whether testing is appropriate, how long to limit contact, whether your medicines change your risk, which treatments are suitable, and which breathing changes need urgent review.