What should you know about cough and congestion?

Nasal congestion can lead to mouth breathing, throat irritation and mucus draining into the throat. A common cold often causes a blocked nose and short-lived cough. Acute bronchitis may produce a deeper cough after an infection. Allergic rhinitis tends to bring sneezing, itching and clear drainage. Asthma can cause wheeze, chest tightness and cough, while bronchiectasis may cause a persistent productive cough. Acid reflux can cause throat clearing or a dry cough, particularly after meals or when lying down. Chronic cough means the symptom has continued long enough to require a structured review.

Rest and drink fluids regularly. Saline spray or a safe nasal rinse may ease nasal blockage; use suitable water for rinsing. Avoid smoke, vaping, dust and strong fragrances. Warm drinks can soothe the throat, and raising your head during sleep may reduce drainage or reflux. A pharmacist can help select a remedy based on your symptoms, age, pregnancy status and other medicines. Avoid taking several combination products together.

Seek emergency help for severe breathlessness, blue or grey lips, chest pain, confusion, fainting or coughing blood. Arrange prompt review for wheezing, dehydration, a persistent fever, worsening symptoms, repeated episodes, or a cough that prevents sleep. Sudden congestion with facial swelling, severe pain or difficulty swallowing also needs medical attention. People with asthma or other lung disease should follow their personalised action plan.

Describe whether the congestion is nasal or chest-based, whether mucus is present, and whether the cough is dry or productive. Mention triggers, night symptoms, heartburn, wheeze, fever and your smoking or vaping exposure. Ask whether you need an examination, inhaler review, testing or treatment for an underlying cause.