Controlling type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes affects how the body uses insulin, so glucose can remain in the bloodstream instead of moving efficiently into cells. Control means keeping glucose in the range agreed with your care team while also managing blood pressure, cholesterol, weight and other risks. Ongoing high glucose can damage nerves, blood vessels, kidneys and eyes. Peripheral Neuropathy may reduce sensation in the feet; Chronic Kidney Disease and Peripheral Arterial Disease can also develop as complications. These outcomes are not inevitable, and regular care helps identify changes early.

Take medicines exactly as prescribed and check glucose when your clinician recommends it. Build meals around fibre-rich foods, vegetables and suitable portions, and choose activity that fits your health and mobility. Check your feet for blisters, cuts, colour change or areas of pressure, especially if sensation is reduced. Keep appointments for blood tests, blood pressure review, eye checks and kidney monitoring. Ask for support with weight if needed; Obesity can make glucose control harder. Never change medicine doses without advice.

Seek prompt advice for repeated readings outside your agreed range, worsening thirst or urination, vomiting, unusual drowsiness or difficulty staying awake. Treat suspected Hypoglycaemia according to your personal plan and seek urgent help if the person is confused, having a seizure or cannot safely swallow. Get urgent care for a foot wound with spreading redness, swelling, warmth or fever because Cellulitis can progress quickly. Sudden facial weakness, arm weakness or speech trouble may indicate Stroke and needs emergency help.

What glucose targets and checking schedule suit me? How should I adjust food, activity or medicines when I am ill? Which foot, kidney, eye and cardiovascular checks are due, and what symptoms should prompt same-day advice?