What should you know about constant sinus congestion?

Congestion happens when the lining inside the nose and nearby sinus openings becomes swollen or produces extra mucus. Allergic rhinitis may cause repeated blockage, sneezing, an itchy nose, or watery eyes, especially after exposure to dust, pollen, mould, or animals. A common cold can block the nose for a limited period, while chronic sinusitis may cause longer-lasting blockage with reduced smell, facial discomfort, or thick drainage. Smoke, strong fragrances, dry air, and frequent use of some decongestant sprays can also irritate the nasal lining.

The symptom alone cannot identify its cause. A clinician may ask whether one or both sides feel blocked, whether symptoms change by place or season, and whether you have fever, facial pain, dental symptoms, or breathing difficulty.

Record when the blockage began, what makes it worse, and any associated discharge, cough, itching, or change in smell. Avoid smoke and strong scents, and consider a saline nasal rinse or spray if it is suitable for you; use clean or sterile water according to the product instructions. Drink regularly and keep indoor air comfortably humid, without allowing dampness or mould to build up. A pharmacist can explain which allergy or congestion treatment may fit your symptoms and how long to use it. Do not keep using a medicated decongestant spray beyond its labelled advice, because rebound blockage can develop.

Arrange a medical review if congestion is persistent, repeatedly returns, affects sleep, or is limiting smell, work, or exercise. Seek urgent help for swelling around an eye, severe or rapidly worsening facial pain, confusion, a stiff neck, marked breathing difficulty, or a severe headache with neurological symptoms. Fever with worsening facial symptoms, dehydration, or feeling very unwell also warrants prompt assessment. A clinician can examine the nose and throat and decide whether testing or targeted treatment is needed.

Ask: Could allergy, chronic sinusitis, medication, or an irritant explain this pattern? Should I use a saline rinse or nasal medicine, and for how long? Do my smell changes, discharge, or facial symptoms need further examination?