What should you know about congestion without a runny nose?

Congestion is a feeling of reduced airflow; it does not require visible mucus. Allergic rhinitis, dust-mite or pet allergy can swell the lining, especially when symptoms follow a setting or season. A common cold, influenza or COVID-19 may begin with blockage before other symptoms appear. Sinusitis becomes more likely when blockage occurs with facial pressure, reduced smell, thick discharge or symptoms that worsen after initial improvement. A dry environment, smoke or frequent use of decongestant spray can also irritate the nose.

Record when the blockage started, whether one or both sides are affected, and any fever, cough, facial pressure, reduced smell or exposure to dust and animals. Drink fluids and try gentle saline spray or rinse if appropriate; follow the product directions and use safe water for rinsing. Avoid smoke and strong scents. Ask a pharmacist before using a medicated decongestant, particularly if you have other health conditions or have already used one for several days.

Get urgent help for severe breathing difficulty, swelling around the eyes, vision changes, severe headache, confusion or facial swelling. Arrange medical review for persistent one-sided blockage, recurrent nosebleeds, strong facial pain, high fever, or symptoms that are worsening rather than settling. A child who cannot breathe comfortably, drink or sleep because of blockage should be assessed promptly.

Ask whether the symptoms fit allergy, sinusitis or an infection, whether testing is useful, and which nasal treatment is safe. Mention one-sided symptoms, reduced smell, fever, facial pain, medication use and any known dust, pet or seasonal trigger.