Common cold in adults

A cold is caused by a virus in the upper respiratory tract. Adults may notice a dry or scratchy throat before nasal symptoms appear. Congestion can lead to mouth breathing, disturbed sleep, and pressure around the face. A mild temperature can occur, but a very unwell feeling, severe weakness, or breathing symptoms may point to another illness and should not be dismissed as an ordinary cold.

Take extra rest, drink enough to keep your urine pale, and choose soft or warm foods if swallowing is uncomfortable. Saline nasal spray, humidified air, or a warm shower may make congestion easier. Avoid smoking. Check active ingredients in combination medicines so you do not accidentally take the same pain-relieving ingredient twice; a pharmacist can help select an option that fits your health conditions.

Arrange medical advice for breathlessness, chest pain, dehydration, persistent severe throat pain, significant earache, or symptoms that are getting worse rather than settling. Seek urgent help for severe breathing difficulty, blue or grey lips, new confusion, or inability to stay awake. Ask for earlier guidance if you are pregnant, immunocompromised, or managing heart or lung disease.

Could my symptoms be influenza, an allergy, or another infection? Which over-the-counter ingredients should I avoid? When should I return if the cough or congestion continues?