What should you know about colon constipation?

Constipation can cause hard or lumpy stool, straining, bloating, abdominal discomfort and a feeling that the bowel has not emptied. It may follow a change in routine, low fluid intake, limited movement, a low-fibre diet or medicines that slow the bowel. Some people alternate between constipation and loose stools, particularly when stool has built up.

Constipation can occur with irritable bowel syndrome, dehydration or diverticular disease, and an underactive thyroid can contribute. A symptom does not identify one cause by itself. The timing, stool pattern, medicines and associated symptoms help guide assessment.

Increase fluids if you have not been advised to restrict them, add fibre gradually, and include regular walking or other comfortable movement. Give yourself unhurried toilet time after a meal and respond to the urge to go. A sudden large fibre increase can worsen bloating, so build changes slowly.

A clinician or Nutrition Counselling service can help tailor food and fluid changes. Laxatives may be suitable for some people, but the type and duration depend on the cause, other medicines and your health. Do not keep treating ongoing constipation without review.

Seek urgent help for severe or persistent abdominal pain, repeated vomiting, a swollen abdomen, inability to pass stool or gas, or blood mixed with stool. Arrange medical review for a new persistent change in bowel habit, unexplained weight loss, fever, or constipation that is worsening despite sensible self-care. Marked thirst, dizziness, dark urine or very little urine can signal dehydration.

Ask whether a medicine, thyroid problem or bowel condition could be contributing, which treatment is suitable, how long to try it, and what symptoms should prompt an urgent review.