Cold medicine for a stuffy nose: what to know

A blocked nose happens when the lining of the nose swells or mucus builds up. A common cold often brings sneezing, a sore throat, and a cough. Allergic rhinitis may cause repeated sneezing, an itchy nose, and watery eyes; house dust mite allergy can cause symptoms that are worse indoors or on waking. Sinusitis may add facial pressure, thick discharge, or reduced sense of smell. Long-lasting symptoms can occur with chronic sinusitis. Night-time blockage and loud snoring may need assessment for obstructive sleep apnoea.

The best option depends on age, pregnancy, other conditions, and medicines. A blocked-nose symptom page can help you organise the pattern before speaking with a clinician.

Drink enough fluid for your health, rest, and use saline drops or spray to loosen mucus. Steam from a warm shower may feel soothing, but avoid bowls of boiling water because of scald risk. Raise your head slightly while resting if that improves breathing. If allergies are suspected, reduce exposure to known triggers and ask a pharmacist about allergy medication.

Check the label before using a decongestant. Nasal decongestant sprays should only be used as directed and for a short period, because overuse can make congestion return or worsen. Oral decongestants may be unsuitable with high blood pressure, heart problems, glaucoma, or some medicines. Children need age-appropriate advice.

Seek urgent help for severe breathing difficulty, swelling of the lips or face, confusion, or a sudden severe headache with neurological symptoms. Arrange medical advice for one-sided blockage with bleeding, severe facial pain or swelling, symptoms that persist or repeatedly return, or a fever with worsening illness. Seek prompt assessment if a child is struggling to feed or breathe.

Ask whether your symptoms fit a cold, allergy, sinusitis, or another cause; which spray or medicine suits your age and conditions; and how long to use it before review.