Cold and conjunctivitis: what should you know?

Some viruses that cause cold symptoms can also inflame the conjunctiva, the clear surface covering the white of the eye. The eye may look red, feel gritty, water, or develop discharge that sticks the eyelids together. One or both eyes may be affected. Allergic irritation can look similar but often brings prominent itching and affects both eyes.

Eye discharge does not by itself show whether the cause is viral or bacterial. Contact lens wear, recent eye injury, chemical exposure and reduced vision change the level of concern and should be mentioned during assessment.

Wash hands before and after touching the face, avoid rubbing the eyes, and do not share towels, pillows, cosmetics or eye drops. Gently clean discharge with clean water and a fresh pad for each eye. Stop wearing contact lenses until symptoms have resolved and a clinician or optometrist advises restarting. Cold compresses can soothe irritation. Antibiotic treatment is not useful for every case, so use it only when prescribed or specifically recommended after assessment.

Seek urgent eye care for new vision loss, significant eye pain, marked light sensitivity, a severe headache with nausea, injury, chemical splash, or swelling around the eye. Arrange a GP consultation if symptoms are worsening, discharge is heavy, the eye is not improving, or a newborn is affected. Contact lens users should seek prompt advice because corneal infections can threaten vision.

Ask whether the pattern fits conjunctivitis, allergy or another eye problem, and whether you should be examined today. Mention contact lens use, discharge colour and timing, pain, light sensitivity, vision changes and anyone else at home with similar symptoms. Ask when it is safe to return to lenses, school or work.