Chickenpox in adults a second time

After a previous chickenpox infection, a new widespread itchy rash is not automatically another episode. The first illness may have been misremembered or misdiagnosed, immunity may be uncertain, or the new eruption may be shingles. Chickenpox commonly produces spots, blisters and crusts in several areas, while shingles more often follows a painful band on one side of the body. A clinician may ask about exposure, vaccination, the distribution of the rash and how quickly it appeared.

Arrange a GP consultation promptly, particularly if the rash began recently or you live with someone pregnant or immunocompromised. Until the diagnosis is clear, cover lesions when practical, wash hands, avoid sharing towels and avoid close contact with vulnerable people. Rest, drink fluids and use gentle measures to reduce itch. Do not start leftover medicines. Antiviral treatment can be time-sensitive and depends on the diagnosis, timing and your medical history.

Seek urgent help for trouble breathing, confusion, severe weakness, severe headache, neck stiffness, eye involvement or a rash that is rapidly spreading. Same-day advice is appropriate for persistent fever, severe pain, pus, increasing redness or a weakened immune system. If the rash is near the eye or affects vision, do not wait for it to settle. Call ahead before visiting a clinic because a contagious rash may require special arrangements.

Ask whether this is chickenpox, shingles or another eruption; whether testing is useful; whether you need antiviral treatment; and when you can safely return to work or see family. Clarify which medicines are safe with your regular prescriptions and whether contacts need vaccination advice.