Chickenpox in adulthood: what to know

The illness is caused by varicella and often begins with feeling unwell, fever, headache or reduced appetite before spots appear. The rash can develop in crops: red marks become fluid-filled blisters, then crusts. New and crusted spots may be present together. Chickenpox spreads readily until the lesions have crusted, so avoid close contact with pregnant people, newborn babies and anyone with reduced immunity. Shingles is a different pattern caused by reactivation of the same virus; a clinician can help distinguish them.

Contact a GP or other clinician early, especially when the rash has just started, because an antiviral may be considered for some adults. Keep the skin cool, wear loose clothing, drink fluids and avoid scratching; trimmed nails can reduce skin damage. A suitable antihistamine may ease itch when recommended by a pharmacist or clinician. Do not take aspirin for a child or teenager with a chickenpox-like illness, and check before using anti-inflammatory medicines. Stay away from work or shared spaces until every blister has crusted.

Seek urgent medical help for breathing difficulty, chest pain, severe drowsiness, confusion, repeated vomiting, a severe headache, neck stiffness, or a rapidly worsening rash. Get same-day advice if the skin becomes hot, increasingly painful, swollen or draining pus, or if fever persists or returns. Tell the service before attending in person so infection precautions can be arranged. Pregnancy, a weakened immune system or significant lung disease lowers the threshold for prompt assessment.

Ask whether the rash is chickenpox or shingles, whether antiviral treatment is appropriate, how long you should avoid close contact, and which itch or fever medicines fit your health conditions. Ask whether household contacts need vaccination advice and what symptoms should trigger a return call.