Cervical loop biopsy: what to know

The clinician places a speculum in the vagina to see the cervix, applies local anaesthetic and removes the selected area with the loop. The electrical current cuts tissue and helps control bleeding. The sample goes to a laboratory, where a pathologist assesses the type of cell change and whether it reaches the specimen edges.

The procedure can both diagnose and remove abnormal cervical cells. It does not automatically mean cancer has been found. The pathology result guides whether routine follow-up, another cervical procedure or specialist assessment is appropriate.

Beforehand, tell the clinic if you might be pregnant, take blood-thinning medicine, have a bleeding disorder, use an implanted electrical device or have allergies. Follow the clinic's instructions about eating, medicines and transport, because arrangements vary with the anaesthetic and setting.

Light bleeding, watery discharge and period-like cramps can occur during recovery. Use the pain relief and menstrual products advised by the clinic. Avoid inserting anything into the vagina and postpone sex, swimming and strenuous activity for the period your clinician specifies. Attend the results appointment even if recovery feels straightforward.

Contact the treating clinic promptly for bleeding heavier than expected, clots, discharge with a strong unpleasant smell, fever, increasing pelvic pain or feeling increasingly unwell. Seek urgent care for bleeding that is difficult to control, fainting, severe weakness, breathing difficulty or rapidly worsening pain.

Ask why the loop biopsy is recommended, what anaesthetic will be used, how to prepare and when normal activities can resume. Confirm how results will be shared, what the specimen edges show, whether further treatment is needed and how the cervix will be monitored afterward.