Cervical cancer screening: what to know

Screening is intended for people without symptoms. Depending on the programme and test used, the sample may be checked for human papillomavirus and cervical cell changes. An abnormal result does not by itself diagnose cervical cancer. It tells the care team whether follow-up, repeat testing or closer examination of the cervix may be appropriate.

A colposcopy uses magnification to inspect the cervix. The clinician may take a small tissue sample from an area that looks abnormal. Laboratory examination then helps distinguish changes that can be monitored from those that may need removal or further care.

Follow the screening schedule offered for your age, health history and previous results. Before the appointment, tell the clinic if you are pregnant, have vaginal bleeding, use vaginal medicines or have had cervical procedures. Ask whether any preparation is needed and when you should expect the result.

Read the result together with its recommended next action. Complete any repeat test or colposcopy even if you feel well. Keep a copy of the report so later clinicians can see the type of test, the finding and the follow-up advice.

Contact a clinician if you develop bleeding between periods, bleeding after sex, bleeding after menopause, unusual vaginal discharge or ongoing pelvic pain. Screening is not designed to investigate symptoms, so do not wait for your next routine invitation. Obtain urgent help for very heavy bleeding, fainting, severe pain or sudden marked weakness.

You may ask which test was performed, what the result means, whether a repeat sample or colposcopy is advised, and who will arrange it. Also ask how previous cervical treatment, pregnancy, immune conditions or a history of abnormal results affects your follow-up plan.