Can type 2 diabetes be prevented?

Type 2 diabetes develops when the body becomes less responsive to insulin and the pancreas cannot keep up with the demand. Family history, age, some medicines and previous pregnancy-related diabetes can contribute, so lifestyle is only part of the picture. Prediabetes means blood glucose is above the usual range without meeting the definition of diabetes; it is a useful opportunity to review risk and make a plan. Obesity can increase insulin resistance, although diabetes can occur at any body size.

Choose meals with vegetables, pulses, whole grains, protein and unsaturated fats, while limiting sugary drinks and highly processed snacks. Build activity into most days through walking, strength work or another option you can maintain. If you have excess weight, even a gradual, supported change may improve insulin sensitivity; avoid crash diets. Ask for a blood glucose check if you have risk factors or symptoms, and attend follow-up if prediabetes is found. Sleep, stress support and stopping smoking can also help overall metabolic health.

Arrange a check if you have unusual thirst, frequent urination, blurred vision, unexplained tiredness, recurrent infections or unplanned weight loss. Seek urgent help for vomiting, severe dehydration, confusion, deep or rapid breathing, or rapidly worsening illness. These symptoms can signal seriously high blood glucose and should not wait for a routine appointment.

Should I have a blood glucose or prediabetes check? Which changes are realistic for my routine? Would a dietitian, exercise professional or structured programme help? When should my results be repeated?