What should you know about BV and trichomoniasis?

Either condition may present with changed discharge, odour or irritation, and some people have no noticeable symptoms. Because the features overlap, discharge colour or smell alone cannot reliably show which condition is present, and both can occur at the same time.

BV develops when the usual balance of vaginal bacteria changes. It is not classified in the same way as a sexually transmitted infection, although sexual activity can influence the vaginal environment. Trichomoniasis is caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis and passes through sexual contact.

BV often presents with thin discharge and a fish-like odour. Trichomoniasis can present with diffuse or yellow-green discharge, unpleasant odour, vulval irritation, discomfort during urination or sex, or cervical inflammation. These patterns can guide an examination but do not replace a vaginal swab or other suitable test.

Arrange a clinic visit for new, persistent or recurrent discharge, odour, itching or soreness. A clinician may examine the area, test a vaginal sample and offer tests for other sexually transmitted infections when appropriate. Mention pregnancy, recent antibiotics, new sexual contacts and any treatment already tried.

Avoid douching and fragranced vaginal products because they can worsen irritation and disturb the vaginal environment. If trichomoniasis is diagnosed, avoid sex until you and current partners have completed treatment and symptoms have settled. Finish prescribed medicine even if discomfort improves earlier.

Seek prompt assessment for discharge or irritation during pregnancy, symptoms after a possible sexual exposure, or symptoms that return after treatment. Reassessment can identify reinfection, an incomplete response or another cause rather than assuming the original diagnosis still applies.

Urgent medical care is appropriate for severe lower abdominal or pelvic pain, fainting, heavy bleeding, high fever, repeated vomiting or feeling acutely unwell. These findings are not explained by simple vaginal irritation and may signal an infection or another condition requiring immediate evaluation.

Ask which tests will separate BV from trichomoniasis, whether testing for other infections is advisable, and when results will be available. If treatment is prescribed, confirm how to use it, which side effects need attention, whether partners require care and when repeat testing or review is recommended.