Burkitt lymphoma: what to know

It develops from B lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Although it can progress quickly, doctors have established treatment approaches and usually begin planning as soon as tests define the diagnosis and extent of disease.

A tissue biopsy is needed to identify the lymphoma cells and their characteristic changes. Blood tests, bone marrow assessment, imaging such as PET-CT, and sometimes testing of the fluid around the brain and spinal cord help the team determine where lymphoma is present.

Burkitt lymphoma may cause rapidly enlarging lymph nodes or swelling in the abdomen, jaw, or other sites. Fever, drenching night sweats, unexplained weight loss, tiredness, pain, or fullness can also occur. These features have many possible causes and require clinical assessment rather than self-diagnosis.

If Burkitt lymphoma is suspected, keep urgent haematology appointments and bring a medication list, previous reports, and details of when symptoms began. Treatment commonly uses intensive combinations of chemotherapy and medicines that target lymphoma cells. The exact plan depends on disease extent, organ function, age, and general health.

Care may also include fluids, monitoring, and medicines to protect the body as lymphoma cells break down. Tell the team promptly about fever, vomiting, reduced urine, new weakness, numbness, or difficulty taking medicines so supportive care can be adjusted.

Seek urgent medical care for trouble breathing, severe or worsening abdominal pain, confusion, a seizure, fainting, new limb weakness, or swelling that is rapidly affecting swallowing or breathing. During treatment, fever or chills can signal infection and should be reported immediately using the oncology team's emergency instructions.

Do not wait for a routine visit if symptoms change quickly. Contact the treating service the same day for repeated vomiting, inability to drink, markedly reduced urine, unusual bleeding, or a sudden decline in alertness or strength.

Ask which biopsy findings confirmed Burkitt lymphoma, where it is present, whether the brain or spinal fluid needs assessment, and which treatment combination is recommended. It is also useful to ask how treatment may affect fertility, which medicines or supplements to avoid, whom to call after hours, and which symptoms require immediate hospital care.