What should you know about bone mineral density DEXA?

A DEXA scan measures bone mineral density to help assess bone strength and fracture risk. It uses low-dose X-rays, commonly examining the hip and lower spine, and is usually quick and non-invasive.

The report compares your bone density with reference ranges and may describe bone loss as normal, low bone density, or osteoporosis. The result is interpreted alongside your age, medical history, medicines, previous fractures, and other risk factors; it is not a diagnosis based on one number alone.

Bone density can be affected by hormonal changes, limited mobility, low calcium or vitamin D intake, smoking, alcohol, and some long-term medicines. Premature ovarian insufficiency can also be relevant when discussing bone protection.

Tell the imaging team if you might be pregnant, have recently had a contrast examination, or take calcium supplements. Wear comfortable clothing without metal fasteners if advised. Follow the centre’s instructions, then ask how and when the report will be shared.

After the scan, your clinician may discuss weight-bearing activity, muscle strengthening, nutrition, fall prevention, or treatment. Do not start supplements or stop prescribed medicine without personalised advice.

Arrange medical review after a low-impact fracture, new back pain with height loss, or a result showing reduced bone density. Seek urgent assessment after a serious fall or injury causing severe pain, deformity, inability to bear weight, or numbness.

Ask which bones were measured, how your result is classified, whether repeat testing is needed, and what personal factors change your fracture risk. Discuss exercise, calcium and vitamin D sources, medicines, and ways to reduce falls.