What should you know about bleeding in the esophagus from vomiting?

Repeated retching raises pressure in the chest and abdomen. This can irritate the throat or create a small tear at the junction between the esophagus and stomach. Blood may look bright red when fresh, or dark and grainy when it has been exposed to stomach acid. The initial vomiting illness may be food poisoning, gastroenteritis, or another condition, but the bleeding itself should not be assumed to be minor.

Severe chest or upper-abdominal pain, difficulty swallowing, a swollen abdomen, fever, or worsening weakness may point to a more serious complication. Tell the clinician whether bleeding began after repeated vomiting, coughing, or an injury, and whether your stools are black.

Stop alcohol and avoid aspirin or anti-inflammatory painkillers unless prescribed for you. If you are awake and not actively vomiting, take small sips of clear fluid; do not force drinks or food. Keep a record of the vomit’s colour and amount, and bring your medication list. A clinician may decide that examination, blood testing, or an internal camera test is needed.

Go to emergency care for ongoing or more than slight bleeding, coffee-ground vomit, black stools, faintness, confusion, severe chest or abdominal pain, trouble breathing or swallowing, or inability to keep fluids down. Do not drive yourself if you feel dizzy or weak.

Ask whether the pattern fits irritation or a tear, whether you need tests to locate the bleeding, and which medicines are safe. Confirm what to eat and drink while healing and which symptoms mean you should return immediately.