Is trichomoniasis bacterial? Symptoms, testing and treatment

The term bacterial trichomoniasis is inaccurate. Trichomoniasis, sometimes called trich, is caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. It spreads mainly through sexual contact. The infection may cause no noticeable symptoms, or it may present with unusual vaginal discharge, itching, burning, soreness, discomfort during sex or pain when passing urine. These features overlap with bacterial vaginosis, thrush and other sexually transmitted infections, so appearance or odour cannot identify the cause reliably.

Arrange a sexual health or gynaecology assessment for new discharge, genital irritation or possible exposure. Testing may use a vaginal swab or urine sample. If trichomoniasis is confirmed, take the prescribed antimicrobial medicine exactly as directed. Current sexual partner or partners need assessment and treatment to reduce passing the infection back and forth. Avoid sexual contact until treatment requirements have been completed and the treating service says it is reasonable to resume. Do not use leftover antibiotics or vaginal washes; they may not treat the parasite and can alter symptoms.

Seek prompt medical care for fever, worsening lower abdominal or pelvic pain, vomiting, pregnancy with symptoms, or bleeding that is not part of your expected period. Urgent assessment is needed for severe pain, fainting or heavy bleeding. Contact the prescriber if symptoms continue or return after treatment, if a dose was missed, or if you develop a medicine reaction. Facial swelling, breathing difficulty or a widespread blistering rash requires emergency help.

Ask which sample will be taken, whether testing for other sexually transmitted infections is advisable, how partners can access treatment and when sexual contact can safely resume. Mention pregnancy, breastfeeding, medication allergies and all medicines you take before treatment is prescribed. If symptoms remain after the course, ask whether repeat testing or evaluation for another cause of discharge or itching is needed.